A 65 year old male with SOB and involuntary defecation and micturition

 A 65 year old male patient from Gundrampally village, Chityala who used to be a toddy climber by occupation came to the casuality with

C/o Shortness of breath since 3 days

Associated symptoms are 

Weakness in left upper limb and lower limb since 8 days

Difficulty in walking since 8 days

Involuntary defecation and micturition since 5 days


History of presenting illness

As explained by the patients' younger son

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 years back then one day early in the morning while waking up he noticed weakness in the left upper limb and lower limb and couldn't support himself properly. 

2 days later he started using Ayurvedic medicine for the weakness, which progressively improved and he got completely alright within a month and got back to his daily routine

Patient had a normal life style until 8 days back. 

8 days back at 12 am patient woke up to micturate and noticed that he is having a similar weakness in the left upper and lower limb like previous and couldn't support himself. 

5 days back he started passing loose stools and micturating involuntarily but he had knowledge of passing them yet couldn't hold them

Patient conscious during all these events

They visited a local RMP doctor for weakness and difficulty in walking for which the RMP doctor infused IV potassium. 

The following night patient woke up with grade 4 shortness of breath associated with palpitations at around 12 am for which he was brought to the hospital. 

Patient was conscious at the time of admission but gradually felt drowsy and now the patient can listen to us and respond through actions but can not speak. 


Past history

K/c/o Hypertension since 10 years and was on regular medication( T. Atenolol 50 mg po OD) until 2months back when he started taking meds irregularly

Not a k/c/o Diabetes mellitus, Tuberculosis, Asthma, Epilepsy, CAD. 


Personal history

Patient had a good appetite with a mixed diet involving mostly rice and non vegetarian food. 

He sleeps for 7 hours from around 10pm to 5 am but wakes up to smoke beedi multiple times during night. 

Bowel and bladder movements irregular

Has a habit of smoking since many years and smokes nearly 30 beedis in a day daily

Occasional alcoholic. 


Family history- No other family members have similar complaints. 


Treatment history - Tab. Atenolol 50 mg OD for the past 10 years. 


General physical examination

Patient is drowsy

No pallor, icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, generalised lymphadenopathy, edema. 



Vitals

Temperature - Afebrile currently but had a fever spike during night. 



Pulse - 110 bpm
Respiratory rate - 20cpm
Blood pressure - 120/70 mmHg
SpO2 - 97%
GRBS - 218 mg/dL


Systemic examination

Respiratory system - Shortness of breath grade 4, BAE  present with Inspiratory crepitus and expiratory ronchi

CVS - S1, S2 heard. 

Abdomen - Soft, Non tender




CNS - patient is drowsy and arousable 

GCS - E2V2M4

Power                Rt              Lt
  Upper limb    4/5            0/5
  Lower limb    4/5            0/5

Tone                     Rt                  Lt
    Upper limb      Normal    Decreased
    Lower limb     Normal    Decreased

Reflexes                 Right              Left

   Biceps                   ++                   ++
   Triceps                  ++                   ++
   Wrist                       +                     +
    Knee                     ++                  ++
    Ankle                     +                     +
    Plantar             withdrawal    extensor













Investigations

Chest Xray 


MRI brain




Electrocardiogram

Blood investigations show no abnormalities
Ultrasonography of Abdomen shows no abnormal findings. 


Provisional diagnosis

Left Hemiplegia secondary to Right MCA territory infarct
Myocardial infarction


Treatment

RT feeds 100milk 2nd hourly
50ml water Hourly
Inj Levipil 500mg iv bd
Tab ecospirin AV 75/20mg po od
Tab lasix 40mg po bd
Syp cremaffine plus 20ml po hs


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